Sunday, April 26, 2020
More Success Stories
Here is a small sampling of the tens of thousands of customers who have taken the time to notify us of their acceptance to theirà first choice school. Keep the comments coming! Our editors love to hear about your success!Collegeà |à Graduateà |à MBAà |à Lawà |à MedicalCollegeThe editors focused on what makes ME a stronger and unique applicant. They also helped me bridge the cultural gaps of applying to the US school system as I am an international studentââ¬âAdmitted to Stanford University[My editor] really gave me the advice I needed to fine tune the details of my essay. He gave me invaluable criticism and suggestions that led me to turn my good essay into a great one. I also needed help with keeping my word count within a prescribed amount. I felt the service guided me to express myself more accurately and concisely.ââ¬âAdmitted to Parsons, the New School of Design strengthened my essay. My admissions officer actually talked about my essay in the accepta nce letter.ââ¬âAdmitted to Stanford UniversityMy essay editor was fantastic! He took my content and made some suggestions that really turned my essay into an excellent piece of writing. Thanks sooooooooo much!ââ¬âAdmitted to University of MarylandI truly believe that one of the major contributing factors to my good fortune in being accepted into almost every college I applied to was the essay. With this regard gave me an advantage over other students.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of California, San DiegoMy daughters essay was already a good one. However, having someone review it gave us that extra confidence that she did a good job and that it was ready to be sent. Your service is a good one. Not everyone has a parent or friend who is knowledgeable in this area. I like the fact that the editor is reading the essay not knowing the writer of the essayjust like a college admission person would be doing. It is really good feedback.ââ¬âAdmitted to First Choice School (actua l school name withheld at customer request) helped edit my essays while maintaining my voice. Response time was great and I felt more confident turning in my essays. I am very sure it improved my chances especially in a highly competitive school like Georgetown.ââ¬âAdmitted to Georgetown UniversityWe needed to have a fresh pair of eyes review and edit his final essay. We had looked at it so many times we didnt know if it was good or bad.ââ¬âAdmitted to Columbia UniversityMy first choice was Berkeley. I was concerned that my SAT scores would prevent my admission. Not only was I accepted at all my top schools, I was awarded scholarships at many, and even received notes from the admissions on the beauty of my essays. I was awarded 22.5k at NYU, and an amazing 46k at USF. I believe my essay really put me over the top at these universities. A lot of my friends that had similar stats were denied admissions.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of California, BerkeleyGraduate[My editor] w ent above and beyond the call of duty while helping me to edit my essay. As a result, the changes made still reflected my writing style, and the much improved final essay helped me get into the schools that I did.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of PennsylvaniaI really needed an objective eye to evaluate my paper and offer constructive criticism. My editor offered suggestions to make my paper more cohesive and effective for graduate school admissions. helped me improve my essay to a level that I was proud to submit as part of my application and in fact, it was probably the strongest element of my overall application.ââ¬âAdmitted to Ohio UniversityThey were able to take my wordy essay and make it concise without taking away from the message.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Southern CaliforniaI am an international student and I was applying for the Masters program in advertising. I know this major requires very high standard language skill which I was not so confident with. I chos e because a friend recommended me. I am so glad I did! I am admitted into EVERY school I applied, including my dream school UT Austin.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Texas at AustinI feel like this essay service gave me that extra edge I needed to be competitive. I feel like this was an important key toward my being accepted into my dream school. Keep up the great work!ââ¬âAdmitted to The George Washington University brought out the best features of my essay articulation, idea formation, and overall sense of interest. My editor great guy- also explained to me why the dull parts of my essay werent working. In this way, I learned from my mistakes.ââ¬âAdmitted to Columbia UniversityI was having a very hard time trying to narrate my lifes journey and simultaneously convince the Graduate School that my goals had always been headed in a very specific direction. I was always interested in certain directions and ideas but was not one of those people who worked systematically th rough their schooling with the single minded intention of being admitted to a very specific program. As a result, I had a lot of experience in my field, but it was hard for me to narrow it down and make it appear linear. My editor did that for me. She found the thread and used my experiences and goals to enhance it. It was the perfect combination of ruthless editing efficiency and a gentle leading hand. I highly recommend the service to anyone who is stuck in their own head and just needs a professional second look.ââ¬âAdmitted to Vanderbilt UniversityHaving attended a California State University for undergrad work, I did not think I had much of a shot at getting into the Ivy Leagues, but thought my best bet would be to ensure I had a killer essay. Once Columbia University accepted my application for grad school, I knew played a big part.ââ¬âAdmitted to Columbia UniversityMy editor was simply excellent. I used your services for all my essays. [My editors] feedback was alway s very detailed, and revised essays were delivered in a timely manner.ââ¬âAdmitted to Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government help me to convey the reasons why I wanted to attend the University of Michigan in a coherent and organized mannerI do feel that my revised helped me to receive a better scholarship offer.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Michigan[My editor] was extremely specific about ways to improve. She guided me through without making me feel that she was doing all the work and made helpful suggestionsââ¬âAdmitted to University of Texas at Austin edited my personal statement so that it read a lot smoother and easier. A few professors commented on how much they enjoyed my personal statement.ââ¬âAdmitted to Rockefeller UniversityI had an acute awareness of the importance of my personal statement. My writing is good, but I knew that it could be greatI had only 2 days to submit my application and submitted for the 24 hour service. Although halfway around the world, my editor worked with my time difference and got my essay to me on time. I am very critical with writing and must say that my editor maintained my voice while improving the flow of my essay. THANK YOU!!ââ¬âAdmitted to Harvard Graduate School of EducationThe editor helped me present myself more confidently. I originally sounded too passive, which never occurred to me until it was pointed out by the editor. Also, it helped me tighten my prose and feel secure in my flow.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of LouisvilleMBAI consider myself a good writer already, but my editor made some changes that went a long way in improving the flow of my essays.ââ¬âAdmitted to Harvard UniversityIt was great to have a professional to proofread my essays and make suggestions. [My editor] even suggested I toss one essay and start over from scratch because it sent the wrong message. Looking back that was a great decision.ââ¬âAdmitted to Emory UniversityThe essay editor helped greatly in building a cohesive essay plan that was appealing to the admission committee.ââ¬âAdmitted to Wilfrid Laurier UniversityVery good service. You helped a lot on improving my language and made me feel much more confident in my application. Thank you so much. I owe my success to your service! Ive recommended it to all my friends who are applying for schools, especially the essay helping course on your website, its a very good guide.ââ¬âAdmitted to Washington University, St. LouisThe revision by an outsider forced me to clarify thoughts, and allowed me to revise my essays.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of California Berkeley, Haas School of BusinessI did not believe in seeking help for writing a personal statement as I thought that would not be a sincerely personal one. But then, I was convinced by the testimonials and your reason that even experienced writers need help in taking a draft version to a successful essay.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of CincinnatiThank you for y our help. I truly believe that your services helped me get into ND! Thanks again. Go Irish!ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Notre Dame gave me the confidence in submitting my essays particularly for NYU when I was late in starting and had to rush up to the moment I submitted. was reliable in its delivery of my essays and the quality. I knew I could submit without having to read it over thoroughly again. [My editor] was a responsive, reliable and smart editor. She helped me cut essays that were significantly longer than the allotted length without losing the essence or grammatical strength. I felt like she knew me after reading the essays, and therefore maintained my voice while editing. Her feedback was accurate and encouraging. Thank you!ââ¬âAdmitted to New York University helped to properly communicate my skills and talents, especially at a difficult time where I was completely drained from writing countless essays and studying for the GMAT.ââ¬âAdmitted to Georgetown Uni versityThe editor improved my essay by fine tuning the words that were used to express a certain concept and idea and making the essay more concise by cutting out awkward sentences and deleting words that were superfluous to the overall tone and structure of the essay. The result? I was accepted to all the schools I applied to!ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of BusinessLawThank you very much for your excellent and personal assistance. I submitted my applications with confidence having benefitted from [my editors] timely and thorough help.ââ¬âAdmitted to New York UniversityI had spent so long fretting over my statement of purpose that I had lost sight of what it was all about. [My editors] comments really helped me to reassess my writing and gain perspective on what I was trying to communicate with this statement. The way the comments and the edited version were presented made it easy for me to incorporate changes selectively. Overall I think tha t my decision to use was a fantastic one and I really benefited from this service.ââ¬âAdmitted to Columbia University first forced me to really prepare my essay in a manner where I could write my thoughts out and get everything I wanted to say in my essay. helped me to focus my thoughts in a structure that worked for an application letter.ââ¬âAdmitted to Seattle UniversityI knew that my LSAT score wasnt great, so my essay had to be. was the answer and Im so excited that I am attending my first choice law school! I know I sound like a commercial but its true!ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Georgia Law SchoolI had a good foundation and essay going in, but the editor helped tighten it up. I was happy with the feedback I received.ââ¬âAdmitted to Rutgers University, NewarkMy editor was incredibly helpful and I really felt that he went the extra mile to make sure my essays were the best they could be. With his help, I was admitted to my first choice law school at UPenn, a nd I am not sure that I would have been admitted if I submitted my essays before working with [my editor].ââ¬âAdmitted to University of PennsylvaniaWith lower than average GPA and LSAT for UC Hastings, I believe that my essay and recommendations were major parts of my application. I crafted my essay to cater to my number one choice, Hastings, and I think the editor did a great job of keeping the theme of the essay, but shaping it more to the liking of an admissions officer. I was very satisfied.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of California, Hastings made my essay more concise and readable. You also helped me make my thoughts more cohesive and flow better. Several admissions staff members complimented on how well my personal statement was written..ââ¬âAdmitted to Louisiana State UniversityCouldnt be happier with my experience. The editor was very attentive and I was pleased she did not try to alter the content in any way. Instead, she found a way to structure the essay so that my story could be told in the best possible way.ââ¬âAdmitted to New York University helped make my thoughts stronger by organizing my essay. I think the fact that the editors are neutral and unfamiliar made their decisions more objective.ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Denver College of LawMedical helped me get into vet school!! I did not get in the first time applied when I did not use , but the second time it worked!ââ¬âAdmitted to University of Pennsylvania brought out the best features of my essay articulation, idea formation, and overall sense of interest. My editor great guy- also explained to me why the dull parts of my essay werent working. In this way, I learned from my mistakes.ââ¬âAdmitted to Columbia UniversityI feel that greatly improved my essay and tightened things considerably. I used most of [my editors] suggestions, and I felt that it became a very good essay.ââ¬âAdmitted to Albany Medical Center
Thursday, March 19, 2020
Beetle Juice essays
Beetle Juice essays The first thing I look at when evaluating a film is the genres. I like to know what type of picture is it. The storyline is also very important to me. The movie and style Ive always loved as a kid, is the style that Tim Burton used in his film Beetlejuice produced in 1988 in USA. This film exploits and emphasizes supernatural and surrealism, because of effects produced by unnatural, non-ordinary to our everyday life. Strange lightning and camera angles make this film a formalist style of film. Special effects always make me have a different view of a movie. Afterlife I think, is something everyone thinks and wonders about and Burton gave us all a little taste of his interpretation, and its greatly seen in his style. Surreal and the unnatural films are always much more interesting because its not something we see often. I guess originality plays a very immense task, when evaluating a film. Genres is something that has a great importance to the film and storyline. Alt! hough everyone has their own favorite genres, it seems as though every once in a while, people sort of fall in type of genres. This greatly seen with Hollywood films, sometimes two or three westerns come out at the same time and later on, two or three action, boxing movies come together. So there is a time where we, without realizing it, fall for these genres. ...
Monday, March 2, 2020
How Many Atoms There Are in the Human Body
How Many Atoms There Are in the Human Body Have you ever wondered how many atoms are in the human body? Heres the calculation and answer to the question. Short Answer There are approximately 7 x 1027 atoms in the average human body. This is the estimate for a 70 kg adult human male. Generally, a smaller person would contain fewer atoms; a larger person would contain more atoms. Atoms in the Body On average, 87 percent of the atoms in the body are hydrogen or oxygen. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen together account for 99 percent of the atoms in a person. There are 41 chemical elements found in most people. The exact number of atoms of the trace elements varies widely according to age, diet, and environmental factors. Some of these elements are needed for chemical processes in the body, but others (e.g., lead, uranium, radium) have no known function or are toxic contaminants. Low levels of these elements are a natural part of the environment and typically do not cause health problems. In addition to the elements listed in the table, additional trace elements may be found in some individuals. Reference: Freitas, Robert A., Jr., Nanomedicine, foresight.org/Nanomedicine/index.html, 2006. Atomic Composition of a Lean 70-kg Man Element # of Atoms hydrogen 4.22 x 1027 oxygen 1.61 x 1027 carbon 8.03 x 1026 nitrogen 3.9 x 1025 calcium 1.6 x 1025 phosphorus 9.6 x 1024 sulfur 2.6 x 1024 sodium 2.5 x 1024 potassium 2.2 x 1024 chlorine 1.6 x 1024 magnesium 4.7 x 1023 silicon 3.9 x 1023 fluorine 8.3 x 1022 iron 4.5 x 1022 zinc 2.1 x 1022 rubidium 2.2 x 1021 strontium 2.2 x 1021 bromine 2 x 1021 aluminum 1 x 1021 copper 7 x 1020 lead 3 x 1020 cadmium 3 x 1020 boron 2 x 1020 manganese 1 x 1020 nickel 1 x 1020 lithium 1 x 1020 barium 8 x 1019 iodine 5 x 1019 tin 4 x 1019 gold 2 x 1019 zirconium 2 x 1019 cobalt 2 x 1019 cesium 7 x 1018 mercury 6 x 1018 arsenic 6 x 1018 chromium 6 x 1018 molybdenum 3 x 1018 selenium 3 x 1018 beryllium 3 x 1018 vanadium 8 x 1017 uranium 2 x 1017 radium 8 x 1010
Saturday, February 15, 2020
Economic Considerations, and not Justice, should be the Basis of Tort Essay
Economic Considerations, and not Justice, should be the Basis of Tort Law - Essay Example A tort is a common law that deals with resultant interactions between people. It is a civil wrong that mainly ensure the behaviors of an individual does not affect the well-being of another individual. A tort may not encompass an illegal activity, but it concentrates on the harm or loss an individual gets because of another individual action. It, therefore, helps people maintain their previous positions and status they enjoyed before the occurrence of the tort act. In a tort law, the tortfeasor is liable to reinstate the breach of an individual natural position through compensation mainly by monetary terms1. Various debates have prevailed on the intentions of tort law whether to restore justice or ensures people gain previous economic conditions. This is because tort suits make victims transfer problems to other people gaining previous positions while at the same time enduring justice. In as much as torts act as a form of justice, it basis should be economic considerations as justice remain relative through diverse societies. As opposed to common law, this guarantees punishment for the offender upon approval of offense; torts focus on judgment of liability. Concurrently, liability gets paid through economic means that cover compensatory damages to relieve the plaintiff. It is also significant to note that tort does not make judgments based on claims as opposed to criminal laws, which allow claims with support of evidence2. This, therefore, proves torts to be focusing on economic rejuvenation rather than ensuring justice for the offended parties. In an art, shell the argument attempt to reveal the intention of tarts laws, whether to ensure economic fairness of justice. Notably the economic discourse is coming into the forefront of tort law. As a result, many scholars have done proficient research on the arena to establish and gather evidence of the same. From the past, torts remain confused with the aspect of justice while, in real terms, they help restore econo mic lose suffered by the offended victims. They, therefore, are consequential economic loss experiences because of negligence causing a physical injury3. Coincidentally, confusion regarding tort based on justice rather than economic loss also arises due to strict liability accorded to torts. It, however, is essential to note that a difference regarding the economic nature of torts arises due to the strict liability characterized by tort laws. Consequently, torts are not diffusible by excuse or ordinary prudence a factor that approves torts to be focusing on economic justification. Therefore, in as much as torts act as a form of justice the main reason existing behind the action of torts remains economic reactivation4. Various theories can explain the reason why torts consider economic perspectives rather that justice. Deterrence theory, for instance, works on the basis that, for every action, there is equal and opposite reaction. Judging by the principles, deterrence theory ensures people who commit varied offenses remain responsible for their action through limiting future similar actions. From the perspective of this theory, torts subject people to reimbursement of the offended not to ensure justice, but ensure economic stability of the affected5. Consider a person affected by the actions a surrounding industry, which pollutes the immediate environments spreading diseases. The industry is responsible for spreading of diseases, therefore, is responsible for
Sunday, February 2, 2020
MR4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
MR4 - Assignment Example VoIP system has the huge potential to provide call quality as well as reliability as compared to other competitor who generally offer the service of landline calls or mobile phone (Moran). VoIP or Voice over IP provides a lot of benefits over typical telephony, since they normally provide great reduction in cost, less complication and extra highly developed features of communication. The most prominent benefit of VoIP technology is the prospective planned for savings the costs of telecommunications. The traditional and ancient phone services used for business can be quite costly as we take into account the cost of numerous phone lines, extra charges planned for some specific features similar to three-way or conference calling, as well as the details that the majority telephone service providerââ¬â¢s use to bill business calls during a minute. So VoIP allows us to efficiently make our voice calls all through the similar data network that we generally use for every day applications like Web access as well as e-mail, thus greatly confiscating the cost of dedicated voice lines (Moran). The Kaestners company provides a free online test to facilitate and verify the appropriateness of Internet connection designed by considering VoIP. It estimates how many concurrent VoIP calls our network might be possible to hold through measuring its bandwidth of both directions (which may be significantly less than the raw upload bandwidth of network) as well as latency. With the implementation of this technology we are able to provide a better support for the enhanced business administration and efficient working support (Moran). Moran, Joseph. "VoIP: A Primer for Small Business." 16 November 2005. SmallBusinessComputing.com. 27 September 2010
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Finding the End to Genetic Diseases :: Genetics Science Genes Health Essays
The United States has a very diverse heritage. There is no "American" race. Americans are the blending of many cultures throughout many generations. With this blending of cultures comes a blending of genes. In the past, genes have not been well understood. They were not understood until Mendel did experiments on plants to find out why different plants of the same species had different characteristics. His goal was to find the key to unlock the mystery of inheritance (Copeland and Hammer 12). After many years of collecting data, he unlocked the door. He discovered that the child gets one element from each parent for every trait. He also discovered that one of them is more "dominant," and shows up over the other, recessive, one (Brown 16). He published his results, but their significance was not understood at the time. "Sixteen years after his death, three people believed to have the key. Looking for other results to verify the ideas, they came across Mendel's results" (14). Their dat a agreed, and with this a new science was born - the science of Genetics (15). Due to modern medicine, such as antibiotics and rehabilitation, many genetic diseases have been allowed to survive. In nature, these diseases would not have survived to the extent that they do now. Advances in science and medicine have allowed these problems to thrive. Further advances in science may be able to terminate genetic diseases through cloning. Genetic problems have plagued the United States for centuries. Genetic diseases and mutations are more prevalent in today's world than ever before, due to advances in medicine (CHMG). Charles Darwin's theory of evolution stated that only the strong survive (Lutz 10). Modern medicine has changed that theory by allowing the weak, or people with genetic diseases, to survive. Genetic defects are caused by mutations. "When genes change in any way, they produce permanent new characteristics called mutations" (Copeland and Hamer 19). On that note, "there have been many which have had little effect on us, while others have been important in our development" (19). Along with the necessary mutations, there are "mutations that can cause serious, and sometimes fatal, disease" (Brown 16). There are many factors that may cause mutation, such as genetic accidents, environmental hazards, and human sources. The genetic accidents are regular mutations in the cells where "chemical changes in the cell cause a breakdown in the normal structure of a gene or a group of genes" (28).
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Global Business Cultural Analysis: Germany Essay
Germany has a rich history and has seen many changes throughout the past few decades. Though devastating struggles have been encountered, today Germany boasts the largest economy, as well as the second most populated country within the European countries. (Central Intelligence Agency, 2013) This paper will analyze the dimensions of German culture, how those dimensions affect the way business is conducted, and more specifically, how the business culture of Germany differs and may propose complications for American companies interested in expanding their business globally to Germany. Overall, there are certainly differentiations in German and American business culture, however, none that would inhibit a business to be successful through a global expansion. As Cesar Chavez once said, ââ¬Å"Preservation of oneââ¬â¢s own culture does not require contempt or disrespect for other cultures.â⬠An unbiased point of view or mindset is crucial when one is considering conducting business in a country whose culture differs from that of the said businesspersonââ¬â¢s own culture. That is, if business success is a top priority. The successful global business embraces the culture of the particular country in which they wish to do business and is flexible while still maintaining a strong grasp on their own core values and cultural beliefs. Before one can be successful at differentiating the differences of two cultures, it is important to have a full understanding of what culture is. Quite often the culture of a particular country or region is thought to entail the arts, food, music and language of an area. Culture encompasses so much more than the elements listed above. The culture of an area is what defines who they are, how they operate, and how they relate to people outside of their culture. The dimensions of culture can be categorized as communication, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners, customs, social structures and organizations. (Saterlee, 2009) Saterlee goes on to describe each of these categories of culture by breaking down the complexity of each. The way a culture eats, dresses, speaks (including verbal and non-verbal communication) conducts business, punctuation, gender roles, expression of emotions, and education are all just examples of subcategories that fall within the dimensions provided by Saterlee. Clearly there is much that can be learned not only about the culture in which a business wishes to pursue operations in, but also in the said businessââ¬â¢s own culture. As mentioned earlier, a profound understanding of oneââ¬â¢s own culture is imperative when conducting business in an entirely different culture. ââ¬Å"Our greatest instrument for understanding the worldââ¬âintrospectionâ⬠¦.The best way of knowing the inwardness of our neighbor is to know ourselves.â⬠(Lippmann, 1914) What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in Germany? The following question will be answered by covering the history (including previous government style and modern), religion, customs, social structures and eth ics, as well as communication. History of German Government Up until 1990 Germany was a divided nation consisting of two parts, Eastern and Western Germany. With the arrival of the Cold War, Germany was divided and two states were formed in 1949. Western Germany formed the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and Easter Germany formed the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The western Federal Republic took sides with the European Commission (EC) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) while the eastern German Democratic Republic sided with the communist Soviet-led Warsaw Pact. Germany was unified in 1990 with the diminishing of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the decline of Communism. From this unification, Germany became a stronghold in the European Union (EU) and as mentioned earlier became what is still the most populated European country. Rebuilding a unified Germany. Following the unification of eastern and western Germany arose the issue of combining two different economies into one successful economy. This posed many problems due to the success of Western Germany and the lack of success in Eastern Germany. The eastern side had been on a steady decline for the previous years leading up to the unification in 1990. When the unification occurred, it was time to create solutions for a successful merge of the two states to become one flourishing economy. On May 18, 1990 a treaty was formed between the two states, which addressed economic and financial matters. Arising from the treaty an agreement was met that stated the Federal Republic would exchange valuable, convertible western marks for less valuable, non-convertible eastern marks. A more in depth look into what is needed for the successful intertwining shows that large investments in communications, railroads, highways, and utilities are major areas that need assistance within Eastern Germany. Large companies including Volkswagen and Siemens A.G. made massive investments, which, in turn helped boost the economy and employ thousands of workers. (Harris, 1991) Transition from a Dictatorial nation to a Democratic nation. Throughout history Germany encountered many struggles while trying to develop a democracy. Some of these struggles were caused by perceptions of which were influenced by prior autocratic or dictatorial regimes. Similar to a ghost, the ideology of these previous regimes remained after their fall even during the transition to the new democracy. After the unification in 1990 there were problems that East Germans faced in regards to transitioning to a new style of government. East Germans were unfamiliar with the new democratic style of government. The transitions did not come as a complete shock due to the exposure of such governing principles viewed through media. Before flourishing, there were some economic struggles faced as well by East Germans. (Saafeld, 1997) Religion There are many similarities between the United States and Germany in relation to religion that will be discussed in further detail later. Germans have the freedom to exercise any religion of their choice. The German Basic Law describes the context of religious freedom within the country. More specifically explained in Article 4: Article 4 [Freedom of faith, conscience, and creed] (1) Freedom of faith and of conscience, and freedom to profess a religious or philosophical creed, shall be inviolable. (2) The undisturbed practice of religion shall be guaranteed. (3) No person shall be compelled against his conscience to render military service involving the use of arms. Details shall be regulated by a federal law. (Federal Republic of Germany, 1993) The main premise on which the scope of Article four of the German Basic Law was established was the case of Rumpelkammer in 1968. This case was brought about when a Roman Catholic youth organization was planning on practicing their faith missionary style in public. The group would raise money by collecting used goods such as clothes and other recyclables. The money that was obtained through the recyclables would then be donated to various charities. The group obtained support from priests by having them encourage parishioners to donate. The issue at hand was when a commercial rag dealer began to complain that the groupsââ¬â¢ activities were illegal and in turn hurting his business. The businessman took it to court and actually won in the lower court system, however, the Constitutional Court disagreed and overturned the lower courtââ¬â¢s decision to ban the youth groupââ¬â¢s method of raising money. [The Article Four guarantees of religionââ¬âirrespective if the creed is rooted in religious or nonreligious ideological beliefââ¬âentail not only the inner freedom to believe or no believe, that is to profess a particular creed, or to remain silent or disavow a previously held creed and profess a new one, but also the freedom to engage in ritual acts, to proselytize, and to propagandizeâ⬠¦.Religious exercise has central meaning for each faith, and in view of its historical content, must be interpreted broadly. It includes not only ritualistic acts, like adherence to religious practices such as worship services, church collections, prayer, receipt of the sacramentâ⬠¦but also religious education, religious and atheistic celebrations and other practices of religious or nonreligious life.â⬠] (Eberle, 2004) Germany also has an excellent state-church relationship. We see that this was developed early in German history with the strong roots of the Catholic Church embedded in German government. It is known that during the middle ages the Catholic Church maintained an adherence to education particularly in the areas of reading, writing, mathematics, accounting, and the study of science and philosophy. Eberle states, ââ¬Å"The deep association of the Catholic Church with learning is a major factor in the cooperative relationship that has developed between church and state over education. Europeans became accustomed to looking to the Church for support and contribution to society.â⬠(Eberle, 2004)
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